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download PDF document: backtrace.3.pdf

BACKTRACE(3) FreeBSD Library Functions Manual BACKTRACE(3)
NAME backtrace - fill in the backtrace of the currently executing thread
LIBRARY Backtrace Information Library (libexecinfo, -lexecinfo)
SYNOPSIS #include <execinfo.h>
size_t backtrace(void **addrlist, size_t len);
char ** backtrace_symbols(void * const *addrlist, size_t len);
int backtrace_symbols_fd(void * const *addrlist, size_t len, int fd);
char ** backtrace_symbols_fmt(void * const *addrlist, size_t len, const char *fmt);
int backtrace_symbols_fd_fmt(void * const *addrlist, size_t len, int fd, const char *fmt);
DESCRIPTION The backtrace() function places into the array pointed by addrlist the array of the values of the program counter for each frame called up to len frames. The number of frames found (which can be fewer than len) is returned.
The backtrace_symbols_fmt() function takes an array of previously filled addresses from backtrace() in addrlist of len elements, and uses fmt to format them. The formatting characters available are:
a The numeric address of each element as would be printed using %p.
n The name of the nearest function symbol (smaller than the address element) as determined by dladdr(3) if the symbol was dynamic, or looked up in the executable if static and the /proc filesystem is available to determine the executable path.
d The difference of the symbol address and the address element printed using 0x%tx.
D The difference of the symbol address and the address element printed using +0x%tx if non-zero, or nothing if zero.
f The filename of the symbol as determined by dladdr(3).
The array of formatted strings is returned as a contiguous memory address which can be freed by a single free(3).
The backtrace_symbols() function is equivalent of calling backtrace_symbols_fmt() with a format argument of %a <%n%D> at %f The backtrace() function returns the number of elements that were filled in the backtrace. The backtrace_symbols() and backtrace_symbols_fmt() return a string array on success, and NULL on failure, setting errno. Diagnostic output may also be produced by the ELF symbol lookup functions.
SEE ALSO dladdr(3), elf(3)
HISTORY The backtrace() library of functions first appeared in NetBSD 7.0 and FreeBSD 10.0.
BUGS 1. Errors should not be printed but communicated to the caller differently.
2. Because these functions use elf(3) this is a separate library instead of being part of libc/libutil so that no library dependencies are introduced.
3. The Linux versions of the functions (there are no _fmt variants) use int instead of size_t arguments.
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p11 December 12, 2015 FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p11