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STRTOL(3) FreeBSD Library Functions Manual STRTOL(3)
NAME strtol, strtoll, strtoimax, strtoq - convert a string value to a long, long long, intmax_t or quad_t integer
LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS #include <stdlib.h> #include <limits.h>
long strtol(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);
long long strtoll(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);
#include <inttypes.h>
intmax_t strtoimax(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);
#include <sys/types.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <limits.h>
quad_t strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
DESCRIPTION The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long value. The strtoll() function converts the string in nptr to a long long value. The strtoimax() function converts the string in nptr to an intmax_t value. The strtoq() function converts the string in nptr to a quad_t value. The conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign. If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0b" prefix, and the number will be read in base 2; or it may include a "0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
The remainder of the string is converted to a long, long long, intmax_t or quad_t value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter `A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, `B' represents 11, and so forth, with `Z' representing 35.)
If endptr is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, however, strtol() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr. (Thus, if *nptr is not `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string was valid.)
RETURN VALUES
Function underflow overflow strtol() LONG_MIN LONG_MAX strtoll() LLONG_MIN LLONG_MAX strtoimax() INTMAX_MIN INTMAX_MAX strtoq() LLONG_MIN LLONG_MAX
ERRORS [EINVAL] The value of base is not supported or no conversion could be performed (the last feature is not portable across all platforms).
[ERANGE] The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.
SEE ALSO atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtonum(3), strtoul(3), wcstol(3)
STANDARDS The strtol() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 ("ISO C90"). The strtoll() and strtoimax() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 ("ISO C99"). The BSD strtoq() function is deprecated.
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p6 August 21, 2023 FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p6