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Updating Information for users of FreeBSD stable/14. This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD handbook: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages and/or ports. 20231114: FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE. 20231108: 14.0-RC4-p1 SA-23:15.stdio SA-23:16.cap_net libc stdio buffer overflow [SA-23:15.stdio] Incorrect libcap_net limitation list manipulation [SA-23:16.cap_net] 20230824: __FreeBSD_version 1400097 after the branching stable/14 from main. 20230817: Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection configuration. Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start with the serial port at 115200. 20230807: Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus- frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration. 20230803: MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config. Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt. 20230724: CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces. 20230629: The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please file a PR and assign it to imp. 20230623: OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. 20230619: To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets delivered to lo0. To enable this feature: sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1 service pf restart When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule. 20230613: Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+ authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't already properly quoted or escaped. 20230612: Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda. nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back, please email imp@freebsd.org about why. Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd. 20230422: Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree using git instead. 20230420: Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging eg. make buildworld-jobs runs make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env. 20230316: Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed. If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and "device imx6_ipu" to it. If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it. If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't exist anymore. 20230221: Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4) for details. 20230206: sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream. Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config. 20230204: Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4). 20230130: As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel. 20230126: The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base system are now built unconditionally. 20230113: LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change. 20221212: llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used. Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package. 20221205: dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing to reenable sendmail(8): $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf. 20221204: hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false). NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues 20221122: pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'. These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as 'scrub fragment reassemble'. 20221121: The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp). 20221026: Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended for pkgbase users to do: pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \ FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously installed. 20221002: OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie). Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference pam_opie or pam_opieaccess. 20220610: LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version before re-compiling to avoid errors. 20211230: The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND) have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1. Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to reflect this change. 20211214: A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this. 20211209: Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in the coming days and weeks. This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build or touch lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to. 20211202: Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault statement in unbound.conf: local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice. The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375: Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with such names when roaming to different homenets. 20211110: Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so that any of the included congestion control modules could be the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno was automatically built in through direct reference. As of this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\"). The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail. 20211118: Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the tree shortly. 20211106: Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE. The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE may need to be modified. 20211022: The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed. The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4) support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option. 20211020: sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use the csh shell, please run the following command as root: # chsh -s csh 20211004: Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect this change. 20210923: As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the list of modules to load on their systems. 20210922: As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports: audio/freebsd-13-mixer 20210911: As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when being loaded. 20210817: As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an application-specific configuration option for applications which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3). 20210811: Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources. 20210730: Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl. As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32. 20210729: As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the MTU on all member interfaces instead. 20210716: Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change. 20210715: The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is to update your sources past the above hash and do % cd usr.bin/awk % make clean all % sudo -E make install to enable building kernels again. 20210708: Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently. 20210707: awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215. This contains a number of minor bug fixes. 20210624: The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0, for NFSv4 mounts. The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default. 20210618: Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes. Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI additions and others. 20210618: The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been renamed to "untrusted". 20210611: svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason please install the svn package or port. 20210611: Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022. 20210610: The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD. 20210608: The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally: git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd'). 20210525: Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to detect this. 20210513: Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged. It is recommended for pkgbase user to do: pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore on the system. 20210426: Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules need to be rebuilt from sources. Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero is not recommended. 20210411: Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources. Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs. 20210330: Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661. Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects" mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts. 20210225: For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required. 20210128: Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM. Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003 update. 20210108: PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this since it was bumped so recently. 20210107: Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should be updated with adding of "device hid" line. 20210105: ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it requires a clean build. 20201223: The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary instructions can be found at https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md and other documents in that repo. 20201216: The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154. 20201215: Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb) may be installed from ports or packages. 20201124: ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6". See ping(8) for details. 20201108: Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0. If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1. 20201030: The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else, and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements. Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files. 20201026: All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd, have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't find. 20200923: LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases. find sys -name LINT\* -delete is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files. If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn command you want to un-auger the tree is cd sys/amd64/conf svn revert -R . and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64' above with where the error message indicates a conflict. 20200824: OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent unless you want to use new features. Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without rebuilding world may fail. The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot. Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files. 20200824: The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with other use. The old notification will be created as well, but will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0. 20200821: r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from sources. 20200817: r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules. As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources. 20200816: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20200810: r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt from sources, so a version bump was done. 20200807: Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process. 20200729: r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably, extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to continue to function. Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether successful or not) and run installworld once more. 20200627: A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions, is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the world with the previous versions of bc and dc. 20200625: r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules. As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources. 20200613: r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt. Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt. 20200604: read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if security.bsd.suser_enabled=1. It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and /root/.shrc. 20200523: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20200512: Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system. Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions. 20200424: closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration, you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not be functional without closefrom(2). 20200414: Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present. The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition. 20200310: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20200309: The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree. As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting. amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port. 20200301: Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree. 20200229: The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port. 20200229: The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind is used by all supported CPU architectures. 20200229: GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC, WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available. Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain ports or packages. 20200220: ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to ncurses. 20200217: The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed. Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE together with their new kernel. 20200212: Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB, NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required. One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no. 20200108: Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default linker for riscv64. 20200107: make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures. Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an external toolchain package. 20200104: GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options. GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31. 20200102: Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid. You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7. 20191226: Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures. LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing ABI. 20191226: Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable. 20191222: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20191212: r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this. 20191205: The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8) utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be differences between those included in the port and those included in base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the format used by the security/ca_root_nss port. 20191120: The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available for automounting. 20191107: The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus. If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should add superio to the set. 20191021: KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed. Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel. 20191021: The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed completely in the future. 20191009: mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they will be removed from the list. 20191009: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20191003: The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES", hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively. 20190913: ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32" to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory. 20190823: Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your scripts. See ping6(8) for details. 20190727: The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from your scripts, because they had no effect. The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize, vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable, vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why. 20190713: Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700. 20190620: Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional components. The "device random" option has been removed. Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko). 20190612: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20190608: A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load. 20190513: User-wired pages now have their own counter, vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to avoid running into the limit. 20190507: The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module. 20190507: The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel config files to select the tuntap device instead. 20190418: The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of entropy: kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to block random requests until the random device is initially seeded. For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot availability properties. kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding: read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this initial condition, if desired. kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding: Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding. kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e., produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met. 20190416: The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init() routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void) method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and therefore unblocked). 20190404: r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock" is added to the command line. nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are not affected and should continue to work. 20190320: The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files. 20190304: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20190226: geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the kernel config. 20190219: drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on migrating to the drm ports. 20190131: Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module is loaded automatically. 20190125: The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively; nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom kernel config files. 20181230: r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'. 20181220: r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect most NFSv4 mounts. 20181219: The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32). The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones. The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been removed from the mips port. 20181211: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20181211: Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade. 20181126: On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing GNU ld should install the binutils port or package. 20181123: The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN. 20181115: The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue) has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported FreeBSD versions. 20181110: The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'. You should check the configuration files in these two directories match this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are being included using the command: $ newsyslog -Nrv 20181015: Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install drm-legacy-kmod. Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use that as you will get better support. Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org. Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current shortly. 20181012: The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence, custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must be adjusted as necessary. 20181009: OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly. 20181006: The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5). The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5) 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly encouraged. 20181002: The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the nda device name. 20180913: Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user, host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system. The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD. 20180826: The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the default since FreeBSD-11. 20180822: devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time. 20180818: The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua. LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default. If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi. bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved. 20180815: ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR may not be observed in a future release. 20180808: The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in your environment. 20180731: The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts" in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed. 20180730: amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default. This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot. EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of runtime services. 20180727: Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale support has been removed from the tree. These ports were obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years. 20180723: loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent. efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables. 20180720: zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader. zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks). 20180719: ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add : boot_serial=YES boot_multicons=YES in /boot/loader.conf For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer. 20180719: New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations. When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible by the ntpd user. 20180717: Big endian arm support has been removed. 20180711: The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8) environment if a static environment is present, you must specify loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment. 20180705: The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses. 20180702: On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using atomics will need to be rebuilt. 20180701: The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite only a core file with the highest index in a filename. Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one. 20180630: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20180628: r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file. 20180612: r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this. 20180530: As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no longer necessary. 20180530: The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch. 20180523: The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel later than r334108. 20180517: The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file it must be removed. 20180510: The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However, it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement will go away. NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no workaround is necessary. 20180508: The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed. 20180504: The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag. 20180502: The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed. 20180501: The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must be removed. 20180413: Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be removed. 20180411: Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be removed. 20180406: In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers, microseconds and time zone offsets. Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are updated at the same time. On systems using a different system logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration adjustments, depending on the software used. When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages: source src { unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol)); } When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline: module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off") Do note that these changes only affect communication between local applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are thus expected to continue to function as before. __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this change. 20180328: Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove it. No device drivers supported token ring. 20180323: makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously. The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This should be as simple as: $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs $ make depend all install 20180212: FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf. Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make provisions for backup boot methods. 20180211: devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org. 20180114: Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20180110: LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker. This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default. To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes 20180110: On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it from kernel config files. 20180104: The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with the lacp and loadbalance protocols. This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf: net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1" 20180102: The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured. 20171215: r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry. r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always. 20171214: r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However, it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or GELI, it might not be a good time to update. 20171125: PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting. Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue. 20171110: The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI. 20171106: The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it. One known victim is lld prior to r325420. 20171102: Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object directories now rather than store files in the current directory if 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary. This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the environment. 20171101: The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf, the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building. The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather than hardcoding paths. 20171028: The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin. 20171021: As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system. 20171010: libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only. It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot. 20171005: The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build. 20171003: When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the desired kernel was never built in the first place. 20170912: The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in /etc/ctl.conf . 20170912: For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point binaries now always get their shared libraries from LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but soft-float everything else should be affected. 20170826: The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options. 20170825: Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel to complete. 20170814: "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from ${TESTSDIR}. Behavioral changes: - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified. - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed. - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment. If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the sandbox if successful. The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time. The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using an unprivileged user. 20170808: Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297, the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block. Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS'' to which you should answer yes. 20170728: As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the machine's /etc/rc.conf file. 20170722: Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20170701: WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system. 20170625: The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected. 20170623: Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations. 20170620: Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC if you require the GPL compiler. 20170618: The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together. 20170617: The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be followed. 20170531: The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff from ports (and recommends to install it). To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or via pkg install heirloom-doctools. 20170524: The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems which only require one chipset support. If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf: if_ath_load="YES" This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci. If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support. If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should: * load ath_hal * load the chip modules in question * load ath_rate, ath_dfs * load ath_main * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done. For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ . 20170523: The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and adherence to the documented upgrade procedure. If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world). For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this upgrade and installworld from single user is required. 20170424: The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11. 20170420: GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name. 20170413: As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state. This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state. To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5). 20170407: arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default, instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin . 20170405: The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets. 20170331: Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail instead of using the first assigned address of the jail. 20170329: The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend: cfiscsi.ko does instead. If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded via one of the following methods: - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5). - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5). - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5)) Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details. 20170316: The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko. Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible with mmc.ko). 20170315: The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity. If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must be prefixed with colon. 20170311: The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware. 20170302: Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20170221: The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible change. 20170216: EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer valid. 20170215: MCA bus support has been removed. 20170127: The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC. 20170112: The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications. 20170109: The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4) but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration. 20161217: Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20161124: Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 20161119: The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools that link against it need to be recompiled. 20161030: isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver, chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware. On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details. 20161017: The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific parts. Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B)) 20161015: GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages: - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was removed from base. 20161008: Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.) 20161003: The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired. ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy. 20160924: Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so. 20160918: GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf. Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages: - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base. 20160918: The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr. 20160908: The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior. 20160824: r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1200005. 20160818: The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to 0. 20160818: Remove the openbsd_poll system call. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 20160708: The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406. After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15, entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's UPDATING file. COMMON ITEMS: General Notes ------------- Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its environment when searching for values for global variables. To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please report a bug if it happens consistently. When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's an exception. The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version. When updating from an older version the update should be performed one major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each step. When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted. Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries should write them with this in mind. ZFS notes --------- When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade), always follow these three steps: 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when doing a zpool upgrade): When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0: gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes. 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any zpool upgrade. Non-boot pools do not need these updates. EFI notes --------- There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless the ESP has been expanded in the meantime. Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem. The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting, however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool since it does not automatically understand some new features. See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details. To build a kernel ----------------- If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, make kernel-toolchain make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE To test a kernel once --------------------- If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide debugging information) run make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel nextboot -k testkernel To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. ----------------------------------------------------------- # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> make buildworld make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [1] <reboot in single user> [3] etcupdate -p [5] make installworld etcupdate -B [4] make delete-old [6] <reboot> To cross-install current onto a separate partition -------------------------------------------------- # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in # size. <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> <boot into -stable> make buildworld make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE <maybe newfs current's root partition> <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> <reboot into current> <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> <reboot> To upgrade in-place from stable to current ---------------------------------------------- <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> make buildworld [9] make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [1] <reboot in single user> [3] etcupdate -p [5] make installworld etcupdate -B [4] make delete-old [6] <reboot> Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of the UPDATING entries. Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update your sources that you have read and understood all the recent messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has much fewer pitfalls. [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic and effective, eg: PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do fsck -p mount -u / mount -a sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed cd src # full path to source adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information. [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following step. [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries from unsupported branches is not guaranteed. Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels for these as well. [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will warn if it is improperly defined. FORMAT: This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011. If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. Copyright information: Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org> Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this document are permitted without further permission from the author. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of this document.